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LevothyroxineSystematic (IUPAC) name3,5,3',5'-Tetraiodo-L-thyronineIdentifiersCAS number51-48-9ATC codeH03AA01PubChem853DrugBankAPRD00235Chemical dataFormulaC15H11I4NO4 Mol. mass798.86 (anhydrous)SMILESeMolecules & PubChemSynonymsO-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosinePharmacokinetic dataBioavailability~100%MetabolismMainly in liver, kidneys, brain and musclesHalf lifeca. 7 days (in hyperthyroidism 3-4 days, in hypothyroidism 9-10 days)ExcretionThrough feces and urineTherapeutic considerationsPregnancy cat.A(US)Legal status℞ Prescription onlyRoutesOral, Intravenouslevothyroxine, also L-thyroxine, synthetic T4, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine, is a synthetic form of thyroxine (thyroid hormone). The natural hormone is chemically in the L-form, as is the pharmaceutical agent. Dextrothyroxine (D-thyroxine) briefly saw research as an anticholesterol agent but was pulled due to cardiac side-effects.The EU has recently standardized the use of the International Nonproprietary Name "levothyroxine" for the drug. Common brand names include Thyrax, Euthyrox, Levaxin, L-thyroxine and Eltroxin in Europe; Thyrox in South Asia; Eutirox, Levoxyl and Synthroid in North America. There are also numerous generic versions.// UsesThis medicine is a hormone replacement usually given to patients with thyroid problems, specifically, hypothyroidism.It also has been given to people who have goitre or an enlarged thyroid gland. AdministrationIt is recommended that levothyroxine be taken with an empty stomach approximately half an hour to an hour before meals to maximize its absorption. It is also recommended that the patient take the tablet with one glass of water to ease swallowing as well as to help the tablet dissolve for absorption.Calcium and iron supplements (taken as a supplement with or without multivitamins) are known to suppress the absorption of levothyroxine and should be taken with a gap of at least four hours. It is likely that zinc and magnesium would similarly affect absorption. Patients that started levothyroxine while taking calcium supplements may require re-titration of the levothyroxine. Dosage, precautions and side effectsDosages vary according the age groups and the individual condition of the patient, body weight and compliance to the medication and diet. Maximum dosage may reach 400 mcg per day but that is rare. Monitoring of the patients condition and adjustment of the dosage is periodical and necessary.There are also foods and other substances that can interfere with absorption of thyroxine replacement. Patients under treatment ought to avoid taking calcium and iron supplements within 4 hours, as well as soy products within 3 hours, of the medication as these can reduce absorption of the drug. Other substances that reduce absorption are aluminium and magnesium containing antacids, simethicone or sucralfate, Cholestyramine, colestipol, Kayexalate. Recently, it has been discovered that caffine may also interfere with the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine. Different substances cause other adverse effects that may be severe. Ketamine may cause hypertension and tachycardia and Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants increase its toxicity. On the other hand Lithium can cause hyperthyroidism (but most often hypothyroidism) by affecting iodine metabolism of the thyroid itself and thus inhibits synthetic levothyroxine as well.Synthetic levothyroxine may have adverse side effects like: palpitations, nervousness, headache, difficulty sleeping, insomnia, swelling of the legs and ankles, weight loss and/or increased appetite. Allergies to the medicine are unlikely, but if the patient develops a severe reaction to this drug such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath or swelling of the face and tongue it is imperative that the patient immediately seek medical attention.Acute overdose may cause fever, hypoglycemia, heart failure, coma and unrecognized adrenal insufficiency. Acute massive overdose may be life-threatening; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Massive overdose may require beta-blockers for increased sympathomimetic activity.Studies have shown that using liothyronine in combination with levothyroxine does not produce synergistic effects; other studies discourage the use of these two medications concurrently.The side effects of overdosing appear 6 hours to 11 days after ingestion. Marketing and approvals in the United StatesSynthroid is the most prescribed brand of T4 in the United States. Synthroid was marketed in 1955, but was not FDA approved at that time as it was considered "generally regarded safe". In the 1990s, in response to debate as to whether Synthroid was more effective than other levothyroxine preparations, (which ended up concluding that there was little difference between Synthroid and generic brands) all levothyroxine preparations were required to undergo the formal FDA approval process. Synthroid was approved by the FDA on 2002-07-24.

The role of the thyroid gland in the longevity of human life and not be overemphasized."Synthroid is the number one prescribed treatment for hypothyroidism. Synthroid side effects can mimic pre-existing symptoms of other diseases or conditions. The study was funded by thyroid drug Synthroid's manufacturer, Knoll Pharmaceutical Co. Side effects of synthroid can range from mild to severe. Taken for many reasons but only prescribed by someone in the medical profession. In 2002, it was the fourth most prescribed drug in the United States. Also, the necessary visits and tests can make this questionable medicine a costly investment"Despite this tarnished history, many physicians continue to prescribe Synthroid and other brands of synthetic thyroid hormone and remain opposed to Armour Thyroid. But remember that a drug�s popularity is no guarantee of its efficacy.com/markguillemotpopcornchic.An easy to understand article about the side effects of Synthroid taken for thyroid disease. Did you know Synthroid can cause hair loss?Synthroid Final Version 4 Qoobmyspace. Hypothyroidism occurs when you have an underactive thyroid. Beware that you don't ignore possible signs of a too high dosage.comSynthroid is a synthetic thyroid medication.A new study found that 13 million Americans may be unaware of and undiagnosed

synthroid

Dosing information for SynthroidB. (levothyroxine), including details about different strengths, how it might be adjusted, and follow-up TSH testing.

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Synthroid® (levothyroxine) Dosing Information

Find details on how SynthroidB. (levothyroxine) for hypothyroidism should be taken, and what to do if you miss a dose or start to feel better.

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How to Take Synthroid® (levothyroxine)

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Все закладки с тэгом synthroid на Memori.ru

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Блоги@Mail.Ru: Synthroid and wellbutrin ...

Learn about the prescription medication Synthroid (Levothyroxine Sodium), drug uses, dosage, side effects, drug interactions, warnings, and patient labeling.

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