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Zerit
StavudineSystematic (IUPAC) name1--5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dioneIdentifiersCAS number3056-17-5ATC codeJ05AF04PubChem18283DrugBankAPRD00440Chemical dataFormulaC10H12N2O4 Mol. mass224.213 g/molPharmacokinetic dataBioavailability ?Protein bindingNegligibleMetabolismRenal elimination (ca.40%)Half life0.8-1.5 hours (in adults)Excretion ?Therapeutic considerationsPregnancy cat.C (USA)B3 (Aus)Legal statusRoutes ?Stavudine (2'-3'-didehydro-2'-3'-dideoxythymidine, d4T, brand name Zerit) is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NARTI) active against HIV.// Historyd4T was first synthetized in the sixties by Jerome Horwitz. It was subsequently reconsidered as an anti-HIV agent by the Rega Institute for Medical Research in Belgium. Stavudine was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in Jun 24, 1994 for adults and in Sep 6, 1996 for pediatric use and again as an extended-release version for once-a-day dosing in 2001. The fourth antiretroviral drug on the market, its patent expired in the United States on 2008-06-25. Mechanism of actionStavudine is an analog of thymidine. It is phosphorylated by cellular kinases into active triphosphate. Stavudine triphosphate inhibits the HIV reverse transcriptase by competing with natural substrate, thymidine triphosphate. It also causes termination of DNA synthesis by incorporating into it.Simultaneous use of AZT is not recommended, as it can inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of stavudine. Other anti-HIV drugs do not possess this property. PharmacokineticsThe oral absorption rate of stavudine is over 80%. Approximately half of stavudine is actively secreted unchanged into the urine and the other half is eliminated through endogenic pathways. Adverse eventsThe main severe adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy, which can be corrected by reducing dosage. Stavudine has been shown in laboratory test to be genotoxic, but with clinical doses its carcinogenic effects are non-existent. It is also one of the most likely antiviral drugs to cause lipodystrophy, and for this reason it is no longer considered an appropriate treatment for most patients in developed countries.It is still used as first choice in first line therapy in resource poor settings such as in India. Only in case of development of peripheral neuropathy or pregnancy is it changed to the next choice - Zidovudine. Sources^ J.P. Horwitz et al.. J. Org. Chem. 31. 205 (1966).^ Oral account of the history of AZT, d4T and ddC by Jerome Horwitz and Hiroaki Mitsuya in the documentary film I am alive today - History of an AIDS drug.
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Zerit игры ~ Tm-portfolio.ru
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ZERIT (stavudine) Capsules PROFESSIONAL FAIR BALANCE November 2006 Zerit Fair Balance professional
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