Prednisone
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Prednisone
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2008)PrednisoneSystematic (IUPAC) name(8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17- decahydro-3H-cyclopentaphenanthrene-3,11(6H)-dioneIdentifiersCAS number53-03-2ATC codeA07EA03 H02AB07PubChem5865DrugBankAPRD00340ChemSpider5656Chemical dataFormulaC21H26O5 Mol. mass358.428 g/molSMILESeMolecules & PubChemPharmacokinetic dataBioavailability70%Metabolismprednisolone (liver)Half life1 hourExcretionRenalTherapeutic considerationsPregnancy cat.CLegal statusPrescription onlyRoutesOral, Nasal, Rectal, Injection, IVPrednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is usually taken orally but can be delivered by intramuscular injection and can be used for a number of different conditions. It has a mainly glucocorticoid effect. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone, which is the active drug and also a steroid.// UsesPrednisone is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. It can, therefore, be used in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases (such as severe asthma, severe allergies, Angioedema episodes, severe poison ivy dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Bell's Palsy, Crohn's disease, pemphigus and sarcoidosis), uveitis, various kidney diseases including nephrotic syndrome, mononucleosis , and to prevent and treat rejection in organ transplantation. Prednisone has also been used in the treatment of migraine headaches and cluster headaches and for severe Aphthous ulcer ("Cankersore") outbreaks.Prednisone is used as an antitumor drug. Prednisone is very important in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and other tumors in combination with other anticancer drugs.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical industry uses prednisone tablets for the calibration of dissolution testing equipment according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).Intravenous application may be employed for cerebral inflammation, as in the periodic attacks caused by multiple sclerosis.Prednisone is also used for the treatment of the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction which is common during the treatment of syphilis, and to delay the onset of symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The mechanism for the delay of symptoms is unknown. HistoryThe first commercially feasible synthesis of prednisone was carried out in 1955 in the laboratories of Schering Corporation, which later became Schering-Plough Corporation, by Arthur Nobile and coworkers. They discovered that cortisone could be microbiologically oxidized to prednisone by the bacterium Corynebacterium simplex. The same process was used to prepare prednisolone from hydrocortisone. Their discovery was protected by US Patents 2,837,464 (1958); 2,897,216 (1959); and 3,134,718 (1964). The enhanced adrenocorticoid activity of these compounds over cortisone and hydrocortisone was demonstrated in mice. Prednisone and prednisolone were introduced by Schering in the mid-1960s under the brand names Meticorten and Meticortelone respectively. These prescription medicines are now available from a number of manufacturers of generic drugs. DependencyAdrenal suppression will occur if prednisone is taken for longer than 7 days. This will cause the body to lose the ability to synthesize natural corticosteroids, resulting in dependence on prednisone. For this reason, prednisone should not be abruptly stopped if taken for more than seven days, and instead, the dosage should be gradually reduced. This weaning process may be over a few days if the course of prednisone was short, but may take weeks or months if the patient had been on long-term treatment. Abrupt withdrawal may lead to an Addisonian crisis. For those on chronic therapy, alternate-day dosing may preserve adrenal function, thereby reducing side-effects.Glucocorticoids act to feedback inhibit both the hypothalamus (decreasing Corticotropin-releasing hormone ) and corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland (decreasing the amount of Adrenocorticotropic hormone ). For this reason exogenous glucocorticoid analogues down-regulate the body's ability to naturally produce glucocorticoids. This mechanism leads to dependence in a short time and can be very dangerous if medications are withdrawn too quickly. The body must have time to begin synthesis of CRH and ACTH and for the adrenal glands to begin functioning normally again. Side-effectsShort-term side-effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels, especially in patients that already have diabetes mellitus or are on other medications that increase blood glucose (such as tacrolimus), and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention (it is worth noting, however, that the mineralocorticoid effects of prednisone are very minor; this is why it is not used in the management of adrenal insufficiency unless a more potent mineralocorticoid is administered concomitantly). Additional short-term side-effects include insomnia, euphoria, and, rarely, mania. Long-term side-effects include Cushing's syndrome, truncal weight gain, osteoporosis, glaucoma, type II diabetes mellitus, and depression upon withdrawal. Majorincreased blood sugar for diabeticsweight gainfacial swellingdepression, mania, or other psychiatric symptomsunusual fatigue or weaknessmental confusion / indecisivenessblurred visionabdominal painpeptic ulcerinfectionspainful hips or shouldersosteoporosisinsomniasevere joint paincataractsanxietyblack stoolstomach pain or bloatingsevere swellingmouth sores or dry mouthAvascular Necrosis Minorstretch marksnervousnessacnerashincreased appetitehyperactivityfrequent urinationdiarrhearemoves intestinal floraleg pain
Buy cheap Prednisone online without prescription from best online pharmacy.Taking Medical Cannabis after having a horrible migraine, suffering prednisone side effects, and not being able to sleep.) It is not intended as medical advice, rather it is for the reader's information. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.. Though Prednisone seems like a wonder drug at times, indiscriminate use of this drug can be very dangerous even fatal!There are many ways to treat allergies.Prednisone, an oral corticosteroid, is an anti inflammatory medication often prescribed in a high dosage.Drugstore with the order of the goods onlineViagra Soft Tabs, Cialis, Cialis Soft Tabs, Levitra, Herbal Phentermine(SLIMFAST), Soma, Xanax, Ultram, Testosterone, Valium, Zithromax, Prednisone, Celebrex, Tylenol, Phentermine, Ambien, Lipitor, AugmentinWhat caused Bernie Macs Death? Prednisone is the main treatment for Sarcoidosis! Prednisone suppresses the immune system. In the usage of prednisone, there has been established that there are some very acute and severe adverse effects which have been associated with the steroidal medicine. Prednisone is used for both induction and maintenance, whereas dexamethasone is typically used in the induction phase, and only brieftly.. Prednisone has varied and diverse uses, although, often used for treating autoimmune diseases
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