Colors
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Colors
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.Please improve this article if you can. (December 2007)HTMLHTMLDynamic HTMLXHTMLXHTML Mobile ProfileCharacter encodingsFont familyHTML editorHTML elementHTML scriptingLayout engineQuirks modeStyle sheetsUnicode and HTMLW3CWeb colorsComparison ofdocument markup languagesweb browserslayout engines forHTMLHTML 5Non-standard HTMLXHTMLThis box: view • talk • editWeb colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors.Authors of web pages have a variety of options available for specifying colors for elements of web documents. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet); they may also be specified according to their common English names in some cases. Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to generate color values.The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 color names as the basis for their color lists, as both started as X Window System applications.Web colors have an unambiguous colorimetric definition, sRGB, which relates the chromaticities of a particular phosphor set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions. These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world monitors and viewing conditions, so that even without color management rendering is fairly close to the specified values. However, user agents vary in the fidelity with which they represent the specified colors. More advanced user agents use color management to provide better color fidelity; this is particularly important for Web-to-print applications.// Hex tripletA hex triplet is a six-digit, three-byte hexadecimal number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computing applications, to represent colors. The bytes represent the red, green and blue components of the color. One byte represents a number in the range 00 to FF (in hexadecimal notation), or 0 to 255 in decimal notation. This represents the least (0) to the most (255) intensity of each of the color components. The hex triplet is formed by concatenating three bytes in hexadecimal notation, in the following order:For example, consider the color where the red/green/blue values are decimal numbers: red=36, green=104, blue=160 (a greyish-blue color). The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are equivalent to the hexadecimal numbers 24, 68 and A0 respectively. The hex triplet is obtained by concatenating the 6 hexadecimal digits together, 2468A0 in this example.Note that if any one of the three color values is less than 16 (decimal) or 10 (hex), it must be represented with a leading zero so that the triplet always has exactly six digits. For example, the decimal triplet 4, 8, 16 would be represented by the hex digits 04, 08, 10, forming the hex triplet 040810.The number of colors that can be represented by this system isAn abbreviated, three (hexadecimal) digit form is sometimes used. Expanding this form to the six-digit form is as simple as doubling each digit: 09C becomes 0099CC. This allows each color value to cover its full range from 00 to FF. However, the three-digit form is not interpreted correctly in some versions of Opera. Converting RGB to hexadecimalConverting a decimal RGB value to a hexadecimal value is fairly straightforward. RGB values are usually given in the 0-255 range; if they are in the 0-1 range, the values are multiplied by 255 before conversion. This number divided by 16 (integer division; ignoring any remainder) gives us the first hexadecimal digit (between 0 and F, where the letters A to F represent the numbers 10 to 15. See hexadecimal for more details). The remainder gives us the second hexadecimal digit. For instance the RGB value 201 divides into 12 groups of 16, thus the first digit is C. A remainder of 9 gives us the hexadecimal number C9. This process is repeated for each of the three color values. Most modern operating systems have a built-in calculator to perform conversions between number bases and this can also be done with some hand-held calculators. This task can also be carried out using various web resources. HTML color namesThe HTML 4.01 specification defines sixteen named colors, as follows (names are defined in this context to be case-insensitive; the table is alphabetically ordered):ColorHexadecimalColorHexadecimalColorHexadecimalColorHexadecimalaqua#00FFFFgray#808080navy#000080silver#C0C0C0black#000000green#008000olive#808000teal#008080blue#0000FFlime#00FF00purple#800080white#FFFFFFfuchsia#FF00FFmaroon#800000red#FF0000yellow#FFFF00These 16 were also specified as sRGB and included in the HTML 3.0 specification which noted "These colors were originally picked as being the standard 16 colors supported with the Windows VGA palette." X11 color namesIn addition, a number of colors are defined by web browsers. A particular browser may not recognize all of these colors, but as of 2005 all modern general-use browsers support the full list. Many of these colors are from the list of X11 color names distributed with the X Window System. These colors were standardized by SVG 1.0, and are accepted by SVG Full user agents. They are not part of SVG Tiny.Almost the exact same color names are used in .NET Framework, in the KnownColor and Color enumerations. The only color difference is DarkSeaGreen which is defined as 8F,BC,8B (instead of 8F,BC,8F).The list of colors actually shipped with the X11 product varies between implementations, and clashes with certain of the HTML names such as green. Furthermore, X11 colors are defined as simple RGB (hence, no particular color space), rather than sRGB. This means that the list of colors found in X11 (e.g. in /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt) should not directly be used to choose colors for the web.The list of web "X11 colors" from the CSS3 specification, along with their hexadecimal and decimal equivalents, is shown below, compare the alphabetical lists in the W3C standards. Note that this includes the common synonyms: aqua (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name) and cyan (common sRGB name), magenta (common sRGB name) and fuchsia (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name), gray (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name) and grey. HTML nameHex codeR G BDecimal codeR G BRed colorsIndianRedCD 5C 5C205 92 92LightCoralF0 80 80240 128 128SalmonFA 80 72250 128 114DarkSalmonE9 96 7A233 150 122LightSalmonFF A0 7A255 160 122CrimsonDC 14 3C220 20 60RedFF 00 00255 0 0FireBrickB2 22 22178 34 34DarkRed8B 00 00139 0 0Pink colorsPinkFF C0 CB255 192 203LightPinkFF B6 C1255 182 193HotPinkFF 69 B4255 105 180DeepPinkFF 14 93255 20 147MediumVioletRedC7 15 85199 21 133PaleVioletRedDB 70 93219 112 147Orange colorsLightSalmonFF A0 7A255 160 122CoralFF 7F 50255 127 80TomatoFF 63 47255 99 71OrangeRedFF 45 00255 69 0DarkOrangeFF 8C 00255 140 0OrangeFF A5 00255 165 0Yellow colorsGoldFF D7 00255 215 0YellowFF FF 00255 255 0LightYellowFF FF E0255 255 224LemonChiffonFF FA CD255 250 205LightGoldenrodYellowFA FA D2250 250 210PapayaWhipFF EF D5255 239 213MoccasinFF E4 B5255 228 181PeachPuffFF DA B9255 218 185PaleGoldenrodEE E8 AA238 232 170KhakiF0 E6 8C240 230 140DarkKhakiBD B7 6B189 183 107Purple colorsLavenderE6 E6 FA230 230 250ThistleD8 BF D8216 191 216PlumDD A0 DD221 160 221VioletEE 82 EE238 130 238OrchidDA 70 D6218 112 214FuchsiaFF 00 FF255 0 255MagentaFF 00 FF255 0 255MediumOrchidBA 55 D3186 85 211MediumPurple93 70 DB147 112 219Amethyst99 66 CC153 102 204BlueViolet8A 2B E2138 43 226DarkViolet94 00 D3148 0 211DarkOrchid99 32 CC153 50 204DarkMagenta8B 00 8B139 0 139Purple80 00 80128 0 128Indigo4B 00 82 75 0 130SlateBlue6A 5A CD106 90 205DarkSlateBlue48 3D 8B 72 61 139MediumSlateBlue7B 68 EE123 104 238HTML nameHex codeR G BDecimal codeR G BGreen colorsGreenYellowAD FF 2F173 255 47Chartreuse7F FF 00127 255 0LawnGreen7C FC 00124 252 0Lime00 FF 00 0 255 0LimeGreen32 CD 32 50 205 50PaleGreen98 FB 98152 251 152LightGreen90 EE 90144 238 144MediumSpringGreen00 FA 9A 0 250 154SpringGreen00 FF 7F 0 255 127MediumSeaGreen3C B3 71 60 179 113SeaGreen2E 8B 57 46 139 87ForestGreen22 8B 22 34 139 34Green00 80 00 0 128 0DarkGreen00 64 00 0 100 0YellowGreen9A CD 32154 205 50OliveDr
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COLORS ::
Discover color meanings, what colors work together, and browse some color palettes in this exploration of color symbolism or color meanings.
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